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The psychoactive properties of *Amanita muscaria* are primarily attributed to two key compounds: ibotenic acid and muscimol. The central mechanism of action involves the modulation of GABA receptors, following the metabolic decarboxylation of ibotenic acid into the highly potent muscimol.

Hericenones and erinacines, the compounds primarily responsible for the neurotrophic activity of *Hericium erinaceus*, belong to the broader cyathane diterpenoid family—a class distinguished by its remarkable structural diversity and potent bioactivity.

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid derived from the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. In psilocybin-producing fungi, a dedicated gene cluster encodes a coordinated set of enzymes that govern the stepwise conversion of tryptophan into the final active compound.

Agarikon (Laricifomes officinalis) is distinguished by a suite of triterpenoid compounds, most notably fomitopsin, that have attracted interest in antiviral research. Its chemical profile encompasses these bioactive triterpenes alongside other secondary metabolites, which are being examined for thei

Inotodiol is a prominent lanostane-type triterpenoid isolated from the chaga mushroom, *Inonotus obliquus*. This entry reviews its chemical structure, the principal methods employed for its isolation, and the body of research concerning its biological activity.

Schizophyllan (SPG), a beta-glucan extracted from the basidiomycete fungus *Schizophyllum commune*, is the only beta-glucan formulation approved for inclusion in select oncology protocols in Japan. The following section outlines its clinical development and mechanism of action.

Pleuran is a β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan isolated from the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It has drawn particular attention in respiratory tract research. The present article addresses its structural features and immunological activities.

Eritadenine is an adenine derivative unique to the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). A substantial body of scientific evidence has repeatedly confirmed its modulatory effect on cholesterol metabolism. Research has concentrated on elucidating its mechanism of action and assessing its bioavailabil

Hispidin is a stilbenoid polyphenol found in Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) and several Phellinus species, noted for its potent antioxidant activity. This overview covers its chemical structure, biosynthesis, and the principal research data.